As a clean and effective new energy, fuel cell is regarded as one of the most important energy technologies. Proton conduction in solids has attracted much interest because of its potential application in fuel cells. Metal⁃oxalate compounds constructed by metal ions and oxalate are a sense of inorganic⁃organic hybrid compounds, which have emerged as a new class of proton conductors because of their controllable structures and high chemical variety. We summarized the proton conduction properties of main group⁃oxalate compounds, transition metal⁃oxalate compounds and lanthanide metal⁃oxalate compounds, and their future development was prospected.